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J. PITTIOT.

APPARATUS FORVINDIGATING AND GLASSIPYING COLOR TINTS. No. 280,665.Patented July 3, 18-83.

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(Iowa I 7 in such a manner as to be easily observed, all the the colorsblend and present to the eye tints diagrams illustrating the manner inwhich the [tapering longitudinal bands or strips of vary- UNITED STATESPATENT GFFIQE.

. JOANNY rrrrror, or LYONS, FRANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application filed March 20, 1893.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OANNY PITTIOT, a eitizen of France, residing atLyons, France, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Indicatingand Classifying Color-Tints, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this apparatus is by means of standard primary colors topresent to the eye,

shades obtained by the mixture of two or more colors in any proportions,and to indicate at thesame time the exact proportions of this mixture.The basic or standard colors are to be determined by chemical orphysical processes that permit of their identical reproduction, andtheformula which will indicate the proportions of these colors in any tintwhatever will determine exactly by my apparatus that tint which can beobtained at any time from the particular colors without having to mixthe same.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of one of theblending-cylinders, part of its support being in section. Figs. 2, 3,and 4 are colors are applied to the surface of the blending-cylinder.

In the apparatus I make use of a cylinder or setof cylinders, G, each ofwhich is provided with a shaft, so that any cylinder can be placed inbearings or supports A B and receive a rapid rotary movement either byhand or by power. The shaft of each cylinder is provided with a smallroller, D, firmly secured thereto, that rests upon a large roller, E,and is revolved by frictional contact therewith. I have shown a pinionupon the shaft of the roller E that gears into a wheel, h, upon a shaftprovided with a crank-handle as a means for revolving the roller E, andthrough the latter the cylinder G.

v The primary colors are printed or-otherwise applied upon the surfaceof the cylinders G in ing widths, following a known lawthat primarycolors covering a surface in certain relative proportions will blend andform a compound color when the surface is moved rapidly. When one ofthese cylinders is rotated rapidly Patent No. 280,665, dated July 3,1883.-

(No model.) Patented in France December 30, 1832.

a tint is observed. This tint can therefore be.

accurately represented by the designation of the cylinder which containsit and by its position on this cylinder, and it can be found againmathematically by any one who shall have. a like cylinder at hisdisposal by following the same marks and numbers. Take, for example, acylinder the surface of which is laid out flat, as in Fig. 2, and issupposed to contain two colors, M and N, the separation being indicatedby a diagonal line, and suppose the length of the cylinder to be dividedinto one hundred (100) equal parts, any line, a b, at a distancerepresented by 00, from zero of the scale, will contain 3 of the color Nand of the color M, and its tint will be exactly designated by theformula 00 N +(100-m) M, which will give not only the means of findingagain this tint, but, further, the exact proportions of the primarycolors of which it is composed. If to the surface of the cylinder, Fig.2, a regular band, P, of athird color is added, as shown in Fig. 3, thewidth of which band is a known fraction, for example, of the totaldevelopment, the formula which will represent the tint at the line a b,for instance, will be m N i (10000) M+ P, which will give theproportions of the three primary colors. Other regular bands ofdifferent colors can be added to obtain combinations of four or fivecolors.

If the colors are separated not by an oblique line, as in Fig. 2, but bya step-by-step line, as in Fig. 3,with as many steps as there are to beinter mediate tints between the two extreme colors, and if the opening Fof the screen S is made the width of one of these steps, then uniformtints will be observed in place of progressivelyvarying tints, as in theformer case, which will greatly facilitate comparison in classifyingsamples of tints.

The number of cylinders necessary for reproducing all the combinationsof colors would be very large; but in practice comparatively few areneeded. Each artist or manufacturer will make use of a number ofcylinders corresponding to his usual needs, and he can always, ifnecessary, make others rapidly for special requirements by using ageneral law established in advance as to the arrangement of the colors.By this arrangement of apparatus the rapid rotation of a cylindercovered with primary colors, as standards, and placed in a determinedorder, permits of observing all the shades obtained by the reunion ofmany of these colors and of comparing them with samples of tints whosecomposition it is desired to establish, and of reproducing at any timeby means of cylinders constructed upon the same law the exact shadeswhich have been noted by means of a formula.

This apparatus may be applied to the decorative arts, printing, dyeing,&c., not only for classifying and designating simply all the knownshades, but, further, for seeking new ones, the composition of which isimmediately indicated by the apparatus.

I claim as my invention 1. In an apparatus for indicating andclassifying color-tints, the combination of a cylinder with taperingbands of color placed in opposite directions on its surface, a shaft forthe same, supports for the shaft, and means for rapidly rotating theshaft and cylinder, sub stantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In an apparatus for indicating and classifying color-tints, thecombination of a cylinder with bands of color on its surface, a shaftand supports for the same, a screen movable lengthwise ol' the cylinder,with an opening therein, and means for rapidly rotating the cylinder,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In an apparatus for indicating and classifying color-tints, thecombination of a cylinder with bands of color on its surface, a shaftand supports for the same, a screen movable lengthwise of the cylinderwith an opening therein, a scale for indicating the place at which an.observation is taken, and means for rapidly rotating the cylinder,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 5th day ofJanuary, 1883.

J DANNY PIITIOT.

Y VIN RA'BILLOUD, .l'n mas La] UNEITE.

